Pictures of water turbines

Left, Tyler turbine. Picture used with authorization of the United states Precision Museum, Windsor, Vermont. Center, from J. Tyler US patent 20456 (1858). Appropriate, The runner from the Tyler turbine at Ledyard Up-down sawmill as soon as we removed it for inspection in 2013. Note the deterioration and harsh sides on the vanes.

Liquid Turbine Glossary - Part 1. Terms and elements

apron	System upon which the turbine situation is set and fastened.
backwater	Increased quantities of liquid below the mill can back-up in to the tailrace and impede operation regarding the water wheel. Various kinds of liquid rims tend to be vunerable to backwater during spring freshets or other times of flood; that's, they don't really function in addition to with lower quantities of water when you look at the tailrace. A standard claim for all turbines usually operation is certainly not impacted by backwater.
bucket	The multiple split chambers in a turbine runner through which liquid flows. The runner vanes establish the buckets. nineteenth century turbine producers constantly changed and branded “improved” types and shapes of the runner buckets, and utilized these new functions as a focal point in their particular advertising literary works.
curb	The fixed enclosure around a turbine runner is called the curb (or case). Provides for installing the turbine assembly and manages the movement of liquid through turbine via several gates. The address for the case is called a dome in a few of Tyler literature.
gate	A sliding or pivoting panel that manages the entry of liquid into a turbine. Some turbine types have actually multiple gates, or a cylindrical gate that regulates movement into several compartments for the turbine instance. Turbine and waterwheel energy systems usually supply a minumum of one various other gate: the pinnacle gate controlling liquid through the headrace or sluiceway into the turbine penstock
guide	Numerous turbine types have actually guides – fixed partitions in the turbine situation that direct the flow of water into the runner. The compartments in the event that are defined because of the guides are called chutes. Tyler turbine cases, & most scroll-type turbines, do not have guides by itself; rather, the case consists of a single storage space.
head	The level difference between the water resource upstream (typically a pond) regarding the mill plus the water inside outflow, or tailrace. The Ledyard Up-Down samill has a head of 9 - 9.5 legs as soon as the pond is full.
penstock	The pipe or tank that provides water right to a turbine. The turbine inlet are attached with another penstock, or set totally within the penstock. Into the latter installments, a sealed draft pipe in the liquid exit of a turbine enables placement of the turbine over the degree of liquid in tailrace for simpler accessibility. Occasionally spelled pentstock.
action bearing	Also called a foot-step bearing or just a step. The thrust bearing that supports a vertical shaft. In water turbines there are examples of foot-step bearings of conical and half-spherical form – the base of the runner shaft is looked to match. A standard product for turbine foot-step bearings is lignum vitae. Some turbine designs are manually adjustable to improve the foot-step bearing to be able to compensate for wear. Upper figure is a drawing from a quick description of Tyler turbines (Scientific American, 1864) showing a cross-section associated with foot-step bearing (gray), the cup bearing turned into the base of the runner shaft (cross-hatch), therefore the step adjuster apparatus. Bottom figure shows the timber step bearing for the Ledyard sawmill Tyler turbine throughout the 1970s restoration of mill.
runner	The main revolving section of a water turbine.
turbine pit	Or tail-pit. The excavation in the base of a mill where turbine discharges. The real difference tall of this water when you look at the tail-pit and also the water reservoir providing the turbine may be the maximum offered mind of water.